US Consumers and Importers Bear Majority of Tariff Costs

A European Central Bank study found that US consumers and importers bear the majority of tariff costs. Trade volumes also suffer as duties impact exporters.

Xurve View

A recent study published in the European Central Bank Economic Bulletin indicates that consumers and importers in the United States are bearing the vast majority of the financial burden resulting from trade tariffs. While previous policy predictions suggested that foreign exporters would shoulder these costs, the findings suggest that international sellers are absorbing only a minimal portion of the tax increases.

The European Central Bank headquarters building stands in Frankfurt, Germany, as seen in March 2025. REUTERS/Jana Rodenbusch/File Photo
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